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Jnana Yoga — Yoga of Wisdom/ Self Inquiry — Atma Vichara

Ramana Maharshi, one of the greatest saints in the twentieth century, taught us to look directly at our own nature by asking: “who is the observer? Who is the knower?” This practice meditates on the heart while also inquiring into the identity of the experiencer. It aims to lead the practitioner into final realization, or Sahaja Samadhi: Samadhi with open eyes, that see the absolute in all circumstances of life. The practice of Hatha Yoga helps to bring balance and purification of the body and mind, creating the foundations that enable this deeper inquiry into the identity of the observer. The mind has strong powers, habits, emotions, and desires, so it is not easy to control. Ramana said, “Purify the mind. Atman will be realized when the mind becomes pure (Sattva).”* If you know Atman in trance (Kevala Samadhi) but forget it in normal life, then the mind reidentifies with the body, thoughts, senses and emotions and you lose the True Self. This is the habit of ignorance (Avidya). Practice self-inquiry (Atma-vichara) until ignorance (Avidya) is destroyed. The body, senses, thoughts and mind are not reality. They are an illusion, a dream. Only non-dual awareness, Atman, is reality. Detach from the mind, from objects, from wealth, fame and sex — they are impermanent — and abide as Atman. Yogis experience all life without attachment, knowing that the material body and the astral body are not reality. *Atman here means Param-atma, or True Self, not Jiva-atma (ego-self).

Self-inquiry (Atma-vichara)

Inquire: who am I? Then, focus on the I, I am, Aham. This is centered awareness. Look within yourself and just be still. True Self will be realized when the impurities are cleared from the mind. Until then, wipe the objects of desire from the mind. Mind is cloud, Self is sky. Mind is the waves, Self is the sea. Mind is dreaming, Self is Awakening. In Sahaja Samadhi (Nondual state) pure energy of light increases and shines forth.

Samadhi

​Q: What is Samadhi? Ramana: In Yoga, the term Samadhi refers to some kind of trance, and there are various kinds of Samadhi. But the Samadhi I speak of is different. It is Sahaja Samadhi. For you remain calm and composed even while you are active, you realize that you are moved by the deeper real Self within. You have no worries, no anxieties, no cares. For, here you come to realize that there is nothing belonging to you, the ego. And everything is done by something with which you get into conscious union. Q: What is the difference between the bound man and the one liberated? Ramana: From the heart, there is a subtle passage leading to Sahasrara Chakra: Amrita-Nadi. The ordinary man lives in the brain unaware of himself in the heart. Jnana Siddha lives in the heart. When he moves and deals with men and things, he knows that what he sees is not separate from the one Supreme Reality, Brahman, which he realized in the heart as his own Self, the real. In Savikalpa samadhi, we lose physical body consciousness and experience the subtle body (Sukshma sharira). In Kevara-nirvikalpa samadhi, we know pure consciousness, bliss, the non-dual state. There is no mind, nor thoughts in trance (Turiya). In Sahaja samadhi, we experience enlightenment (Turiyatita), absolute freedom, emptiness. Non-attachment leads to stillness. No-mind is to go beyond the senses, thoughts, emotions and habits. No-mind gives intuition, wisdom and liberation. All phenomena are impermanent. True reality (Nirvana) appears when the ego ceases. Ego is selfishness, greed, fear, hatred and ignorance. It always clings to objects, to others and creates vanity, feelings of loneliness and insecurity. When the ego ceases, Buddha Nature appears. The five aggregates — body, sense, thought, mental habits, body-consciousness — are empty, they are not the Self. The Buddha taught that Shunyata, emptiness, is reality, Buddha Nature.

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